Spanish tercios flags of 30 Years War in Italy

 Hello guys,

This summer I am reading a fantastic book about Thirty Years War in northern Italy: 

"Milán a sangre y fuego" the campaigns of Marquis de Leganés in 1635-1640 in north Italy.

https://www.sndeditores.com/libro/milan-a-sangre-y-fuego_193675/

this is the abstract of the book, tanslated into English :

The military history of the Spanish Army that served in the Duchy of Milan remains one of the great overlooked chapters of Spanish history, perhaps overshadowed by the better-known Army of Flanders, though it was no less remarkable. The campaigns described in this volume brought both General the Marquis of Leganés and his army to prominence. Not only did they successfully defend the state entrusted to them, but they also seized large portions of enemy territory after defeating opposing forces in pitched battles and capturing their strongholds.

Confronted by France's long-standing hostility toward the House of Austria, the ambitions of Savoy, the enmity of Venice, the duplicitous intervention of the Pope and his nuncios, the wavering attitude of Genoa, and the betrayal of Parma, Leganés proved capable of meeting every challenge. He carried the war into the heart of enemy lands and, for four years, tied down substantial enemy forces that would have been of decisive importance had they been deployed in Flanders.

The Marquis's innovative strategy, combined with the excellent performance of the Army of Milan under his command, achieved remarkable victories against some of France's finest generals. Yet the jealousy of his rivals at court, the blatant double-dealing of the Princes of Savoy, and above all the inability of the Royal Treasury to sustain a prolonged war effort ultimately diminished the impact of this extraordinary of successes.

Turin was not the grave of the Marquis of Leganés's career. Despite the downfall of his patron, the Count-Duke of Olivares, he continued to render distinguished service to the Spanish Crown, earning a well-deserved place among the finest generals of the House of Austria."

While reading the book, I almost inmediately decided to wargame that theater of operations, as I have both, TYW French and Spanish armies painted in 28mm,  I want to paint a Savoyard unit and maybe some leaders...

With Meshy, I tried to replicate a 28mm miniature of Marquis de Leganés, I will print in resin when I come back home from vacation, I am really excited with this side project.

Also, thank God, we know at least 2 flags carried by some of the best Spanish units of that time; Tercio Viejo de la Mar de Nápoles, and Tercio de Lombardía, both present in most of the battles of that period in Northern Italy, like :   The relief of Valenza del Po, battle of Tornavento 1636,  the sieges of Vercelli, Breme, Torino... etc etc etc.

here are the flags I have made with Chatgpt + primary sources

                                            Flag of Tercio de Lombardía

                                            Flag of Tercio de la Mar de Nápoles

I hope you like this little summer update

Cheers

Battle of Seneffe 1674 Command base: Death of Marqués de Asentar

Hi guys

This time I bring you a special topic, my first miniature sculpted by the AI, using Meshy.ai , I tried to replicate a wonderful illustration of a Desperta Ferro magazine about the last tercios, from 1660 to the reform of 1704.

The aim was to make a command base for my Spanish army of Flanders in the bloody battle of Seneffe in 1674.

 the original illustration is fantastic, I really wanted to have a similar last stand command base in my collection, and as nobody produces a similar miniature, and I have no sculpting skills, I resorted to a new (for me) method, Meshy, although it is not free, I think it worth the price.

This part is translation by me  from Spanish Magazine Desperta Ferro:

At the death of Pedro de Acuña y Meneses, Marquis of Assentar, in the Battle of Seneffe, the Spanish soldiers present there, following the example of the fallen commander, fought so fiercely against the French that they became known as the “Sacrificed of Seneffe.”

Assentar began his military career under Philip IV in 1640 and had to flee to Castile. He commanded the regiments of Spain (1655–1659) and Lombardy (1659–1662). He took part in the victory of Valenciennes (1656), the campaign of Mardyck (1657), and the sieges of Novara (1662–1665) and Ceuta (1665–1672). With the outbreak of the Franco-Dutch War, he was appointed Maestre de Campo of the Army of Flanders. As commander of the Army of the Low Countries and second in commando of the Count of Monterrey, governor of the Spanish Netherlands.

 An  Imperial contingent joined the combined Dutch-Spanish army in the summer of 1674, adding strength to the troops of William III of Orange.

At first, the French army under the Prince of Condé launched a surprise attack against the troops of William III, while the Allies marched between Nivelles and Mons in an attempt to outflank the French position at Trivières. The battle soon became bloody and fierce: 62,000 Allied soldiers clashed against 44,200 French troops.

The allied army marched through a vast wooded area full of ravines, which caused the Marquis to show a fatalistic mood, he said to an officer, "If we succeed today it would be a miracle, but I do not blame myself, because I am doing my job and those in command of the combined army do not listen my advice...  for I know my end is near, and no one shall deprive me of the glory of what is to come..."

Suddenly, the thunder of the cannon and the musketry announced the battle, A Dutch officer came in hurry announcing that all the rearguard of the army was collpasing and some fleeing. The Marquis had advanced too far and was now being pursued by the French. "We saw all of Valdemont’s cavalry came rushing back in flight, and the confusion with which they returned threw most of our rearguard into panic."

 The chronicler Félix de Lucio Espinosa y Malo relates what happened next:

“Seeing this disaster, the Marquis of Assentar ordered five or six large infantry battalions and one squadron of cavalry to halt. Drawing his sword, he encouraged the men, who had been pushed back so rapidly, although they had gained some time, their line started to collapse under French pressure. Even though the Marquis of Assentar was grievously wounded, 7 times,  he fought with such boldness and extraordinary courage that he finally gave his life, despite receiving assistance for the many wounds he had suffered.”

The French, after driving the Spaniards from the village of Saint-Nicolas and finding the Marquis’s body in their possession after the battle, returned it to the Spanish camp. The fighting finished in a bloody draw, where both sides claimed "victory", it had caused some fourteen thousand casualties between the two armies, and contemporary accounts describe the battle as one of the bloodiest slaughters ever seen in Europe for many years.

 The base diorama itseld was 3d printed in resin, and the miniature is not perfect, there aresome mistakes in an officer hand, shoes, the horse head is missing... but with some touches here and there, I fixed most of them and painted it in the usual way of Vallejo and Foundry triads.

I hope you like it!

Cheers

A little update: 3 more musketeers for Lyonnais regiment

Hi guys

A brief painting update this week.

I have recently finished three more musketeers from the Perry Miniatures ECW range, painted as French musketeers of Régiment Lyonnais. Only 3 more to go  and the unit will be finished! 

I have also completed a test model of a seventeenth-century Flemish house. The model was heavily inspired (copied indeed) by the wonderful work of Sidney Roundwood and, in particular, by an article he published in Laard Magazine. I have always enjoyed the rich background and atmosphere surrounding the fictional Free City of Laarden (his XVII project) and this building seemed a perfect addition to my growing collection of Flanders-themed terrain.

A modest addition perhaps, but more soon!

Cheers!

30 Years War Commander base: Catalan/French Josep Margarit

 Hi guys,

I have just finished a command base for my TYW French army in the Pyrinees/Catalan front. 

As I normally play with  Warlord's Pike & Shotte rules, I need several command bases for the different "battalias" in the games, so I was (and I am!) short of commanders for my armies in the 30 Years War period. 

I wanted a commander who could be a generic general, but also I wanted to paint a miniature based on a real historical character.

So I opted for a Catalan who revolted against the Hispanic crown in 1640, Josep Margarit.

Josep Margarit was the main military commander of the Franco-Catalan forces during the Reapers' War (a War inside the 30 Years War). In January 1641, his actions prevented the Hispanic Crown from supplying its troops during the siege of Barcelona, contributing decisively to the victory at the Battle of Montjuïc.

He later led the defense of Camp de Tarragona, commanding the miquelets, and played a key role in multiple engagements that year: Valls, Cambrils , Constantí (freeing 400 prisoners), and fighting in Montmeló, Vilafranca del Penedès, and La Granada. Some historians attribute his effectiveness to experience in banditry and guerrilla warfare.

In September 1641, he joined a diplomatic mission that secured cooperation with Louis XIII.

Margarit’s military successes made him a prime target for the Hispanic Crown. In 1642, he blocked Castilian troops under Pedro de Aragón from crossing Catalonia to aid forces in Roussillon. He later led the recovery of the Val d’Aran (1643), organized grain supplies for Catalan troops in Lleida (1646), and became the leading figure in the resistance during the siege of Barcelona (1651–52), refusing to abandon the plague-stricken city. 

After its capitulation, he continued leading military raids (Ponts, Solsona, Cardona, Ribelles, Cadaqués, La Seu d’Urgell) in an attempt to regain control of Catalonia. The Treaty of the Pyrenees 1659 ultimately ended his hopes of defeating the Hispanic Crown.

 

I chose a miniature that had that kind of  strange moustache,  long hair and that black hat similar to those worn by priests. Also the figure had to be in armor, and wear a white sash.

As you can imagine, a I had to make some conversion, I cut a plastic head from one of the commanders of the plastic sprue of Warlord's TYW/ECW captains, and the body of a metal commander from 1898 miniatures.

The other guy in the base is an officer from The Assault Group's TYW range. I painted them using some Foundry Triads , which I love for this period:  Buff Leather , Dark African Flesh, Rawhide...  I personally use a lot these 3 triad for boots, buffcoats, gloves etc.

the  cloth armband in the officer's arm is black , which was the color (along with French white) of the Catalan units in French service or fighting the Spanish.

I hope you like it !

Cheers

Regiment Lyonnais PART II half of the musketeers done

 Hi friends,

Four years have passed since I painted the first base of my Régiment Lyonnais, and, as usual, projects take longer than expected… but finally I managed to get back into it. 😄

At last, I’ve completed the second base (out of three) for the unit. This time, I focused on musketeers.

For this base I went for a mixture of manufacturers, trying to get variety without losing coherence. I included one1898 Miniatures (30YW range), two Avanpost Miniatures, one Perry Miniatures ECW and finally  couple of Warlord Games leftovers I had in the bits box.

Blending ranges is always a bit of a gamble, but I think it works quite well here. The slightly different styles actually help give that “campaign-worn regiment” feeling, also the reason is that I have a pile a of miniatures of at least 5 or 6 manufacturers in my stock pile...

Regarding the painting of the musketeers, I kept a fairly muted palette, in line with early/mid XVII century French troops, but with some blues and yellows for laces (as seen in the color plates of Helion book about the French Army during 30 Years War). As usual, I paint with Vallejo Model Color and Foundry Triads, but also Citadel for washes.

For the base, sand, painted in earth tones, static grass applied sparingly and a couple of flowers to break monotony.

I’m quite happy with how this base turned out.

Now… only one more base to go to complete the Lyonnais!

More Civilians, Militias and Miquelets or XVII c. guerrilla mountain skirmishers. Part II

Hello guys,

following the first part: 

https://spanishleadpainting.blogspot.com/2025/12/coming-back-to-siege-of-gerona-1684.html

I have painted six new miniatures for this 17th century civilians and militia reinforcements for my 30 Years War project but also my late XVII c. projects like 1672, and siege of Gerona 1684.

For this, I used three miniatures from Bloody Miniatures, which I absolutely love. These are the first ones I’ve painted from a couple of dozen I own, and I’m very happy with the result. The idea is to use them as armed civilians or musketeers for the Thirty Years War.

I also converted an artilleryman from North Star 1672 to represent a night watchman, adding a plastic lantern or oil lamp.

Another miniature is a second friar (I painted another in December) from Perry Miniatures, originally from their Carlist Wars range and armed with a blunderbuss. However, it works perfectly well as a 17th-century friar.

Finally, this is a miguelete/miquelet, wearing the typical Catalan cap, the barretina. On his feet he wears alpargatas, traditional Spanish peasant footwear that has been used for centuries. The miniature was originally a guerrilla fighter from Perry Miniatures’ Napoleonic range, but I removed the anachronistic elements and replaced the sabre-armed hand with a metal, Northstar 1672 17th century musket. I also added a plastic Thirty Years War powder flask from a Warlord Games set.

For painting I used Foundry paints triads (Dark African flesh, Buff, Rawhide, Spearshaft, Forest Green) and Vallejo Model Color.  For  matt varnish I use Ultra matt from Greenstuff world which I recommend.

I also painted a small trench made of resin

I will add more of these, because I want a full second Miquelet unit using these Perry Guerrillas converted, as well as Bloody Miniatures.

Again all the unit so far.

Mighty Empires XVII c. Part II.

 XVII C. Mighty Empires Campaign Map – Part II

Hi guys, 

in this post let's talk about scales, miniatures and tabletop experiments...

In the first post I introduced the campaign map inspired by Mighty Empires, adapted to the 17th century.

In this second part I want to focus on something just as important: how to represent the campaign physically on the table, and which scale actually works best once everything is laid out.

1) From file to table: printing the map on canvas

One of the most satisfying steps was printing the map on canvas, using the maximum size allowed by the plotter.

note the size of the map next to a 28mm musketeer 

Seeing it laid out physically is very satisfaying, the quality of the print was beyond my expectations, because is larger than the original size of the game in paper.

The canvas surface works perfectly with tokens, avoids glare, and gives the whole setup an almost period-appropriate feel very fitting for the 17th century.

2) The second step was purchasing 17th-century miniatures in 2 mm, mainly tercios and pike-and-shot regiments from Irregular Miniatures.

The idea was never to use them as tactical units (although I am tempted!), but as army tokens at campaign level.

At this scale, a small block can convincingly represent an entire field army. You lose individual detail, of course, but you gain something far more important for a campaign map: clarity and a strong sense of strategic movement.

For this type of game, 2 mm works remarkably well.

the forts, towns and cities are maybe, bigger than I would like, but I think they will do the job. But of course you can use paper o card counters as in the original game.

These Irregula Miniatures models were not meant for play yet, just to see how they interact visually with the map. Do they help reading the territory? Do they get in the way? Do they add atmosphere or simply clutter the table?

So far, the answer seems clear: used sparingly, terrain adds structure and context without stealing the spotlight from the campaign tokens.

I am not sure of the size of the round bases... for big armies maybe 5mm diameter round bases ? do they hide too much terrain under them ?

The 10 mm experiment: Pendraken order:

Still undecided, I decided to push the idea further and placed a custom order with Pendraken Miniatures, this time in 10 mm.

The concept is the same , campaign tokens,  but with far more recognisable formations: visible pike blocks, musket lines, and a stronger visual identity.

I will paint a few of these and see if they do the job better than the tiny 2mm scale.

The key question is :

Does the visual gain justify the loss of scale and table space?

Early impressions suggest that 10 mm looks great,It becomes more “miniatures-driven”.

At one point I even considered something more extreme: using 1/72 scale plastic figures, both from the Thirty Years’ War and the Nine Years’ War.

The idea didn’t last long, but it’s worth mentioning. The result would be spectacular — but it would probably turn the campaign map into a semi-permanent diorama rather than a practical gaming tool. Still, I wouldn’t rule out a limited test at some point.

My conclusions so far are:

1) 2 mm is excellent for strategic-level campaigns

2) 10 mm is visually tempting, but needs careful balance

3) Terrain should remain minimal and functional, probably I will combine cardboard terrain tokens (forts etc) with 2mm metal and resin.

4)Printing the map on canvas was absolutely worth it

I’ll keep experimenting until I find the right balance between playability, visual appeal and historical atmosphere.

There will definitely be a Part III.

Cheers!